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Symbols are considered as the language of a map; hence, accurate understanding of the meaning of symbols is crucial when obtaining geographical information from a map: the symbolisation of spatial data is of key importance in cartography. A geographical information system (GIS) provides a convenient mapping platform and powerful functions for spatial data symbolisation, while the presence of various mapping standards impedes the understanding of maps and sharing of map information. On the other hand, the available GIS platforms ?nd it dif?cult to deal with automatic conversion between maps and different mapping standards. To resolve this problem, an approach for symbol recognition and automatic conversion is proposed, and a conversion system based on the approach and the ArcGIS Engine platform is developed to realise automatic conversion between maps produced based on different mapping standards. To test these conversion effects of the proposed system, the petroleum sector is chosen as the research ?eld and the mutual conversion of a map in practical work among the three mapping standards (i.e. the Chinese Petroleum, Shell and USGS standards) governing this ?eld is taken as a case
study. The results show that the conversion system has a high conversion accuracy and strong applicability.